October 18, 2013
Listen to the audio recording of the class online: [audio:http://en.prabhatsamgiita.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2013/10/Class2_ahimsa_101813.mp3]
Audio recording download link
Download: Reading notes – Ahimsa
Download: Ahimsa examples
Reading Notes
1. Recall that practice of Yama always requires an external second party. It is intro external action; arising from within but expressed outside. Also remember that whole purpose is to guide us on the path of Dharma. Dharma means principles of Vistara, Rasa and Seva. The dictates of Dharma should be clear and not require you to consult scriptures. Dharma-deshana means pointing to the dictates of Dharma. Deshana comes from Diish (Diisha i.e. direction, or boundary – So the word Desh, which is land indicated by boundary).
2. Ahimsa – Definition: Manah Vak Kayah sarva bhutanam pidanau Ahimsa
That action which stops someone’s physical, mental or spiritual progress by your speech, action or mind is called himsa. Although speech is part of the action but we tend to forget that improper speech can also be an act of himsa.
When you block someone’s progress, you are blocking vistara and so your action is against Dharma and it is himsa. If you commit suicide, it is also himsa because you are blocking your vistara, expansion of mind. If you kill an innocent animal in the forest because you enjoy hunting or fishing, it is himsa.
3. Himsa vs. use of force (in AM terms “violence”):
Use of force is necessary to sustain and survive. It is not himsa if the intent is not of harming and it is necessary for self sustenance. In Dharma and in law, it is the intent that is more important than the action itself. The use of force may be for self sustenance (survival), self preservation (food), self defense (self protection), or presumable self defense (pre-emptive strike). The application of the force must be measured, judicious and rational based on concrete evidences. This applies to individual as well nations.
When the intent is not to harm, the action is not motivated by mean propensities or blocking of someone’s expansion. The judicious application of the force may be necessary for your Dharmic progress, and unfortunately harm had to be done to others. Let us examine when such judicious force may be required.
4. Food Gradation:
It is the law of nature that the life is food of another life. Life subsists on another life. However, common sense (and Dharma) dictates that if you must take life take the life that has least developed consciousness. In general you can determine development of life by biological evolutionary scale or by the psychic evolution. For example, dog is behind monkey in biological evolution but more psychically developed than monkey. Therefore vegetarian diet is more Dharmic than meat diet, and eating meat when vegetarian diet is available is himsa. Under no circumstances one is justified in killing one human being for the sustenance of the other. Otherwise, one should follow the law of gradation for self preservation.
5. War Zone:
As a soldier you are justified in killing another soldier. That is not to say that you support war. Although b taking life you are stopping the development of another person, you had no intention of taking life except for preserving your own. At the same time, you should support humane treatment of prisoners of war and have no revengeful tendencies towards enemy soldier. To kill a soldier that has surrendered is himsa. Abusing a soldier, in any way that is your prisoner is himsa. In all cases application of the force must be judicious and measured.
6. Jatmitram, Jatshatru, and Nirapeksha:
Inherently a friend, inherently an enemy, and inherently neutral life:
To kill a Jatmitram (e.g. goat, cow, sheep, horse etc.) is himsa unless it is for food and also justified by the gradation law. To kill a Jatshatru is not himsa if it is for self sustenance, or self defense. It is himsa unless it is for food and also justified by the gradation law. Neutral life force may be Jatmitram or Jatshatru depending on the situation and should be treated as such. A monkey is neutral life but if it destroys your orchard, it is Jathatru. Man can be Jatmitram or Jatshatru. A criminal intent on harming you is Jatshatru and judicious and measured use of force (“violence”) is not himsa.
Ahimsa examples
Blocking physical, mental or spiritual natural expression; by thought action or speech.
Intent, a primary determining factor:
Self preservation? Last recourse? Self defense? opposing evil or belligerent forces? Imposing discipline
“False” belief (dogma), ignorance (anti-neo humanistic sentiments), exploitation, greed, ego.
Examples:
1. War time :
a. 1A: balance – treatment of prisoner – mind must be pure.
b. Geneva agreement for prisoner treatment
c. 1B: Pre-emptive action – (Intent)
d. 1C: 2nd WW dis-location of Japanese – is it use of force or Himsa? What are the potential consequences if you do not – what is the intent?
e. 1D: Burning Koran – by mistake – as a counter protest – as initial action – as pre-emptive action – dogma creates further Himsa if not checked – Burning of American flag?
2. Himsa, vs. use of force (minimal, judicious use of force – Rodney King case and riots), – Non-violence. – Gandhi’s nonviolent movement – Subhash Bose’s war against British, American war of Independence, WW 2,
3. Someone punches you and you say you shot him to death in self-defense – Judicious use of force in self defense? This is himsa. A single woman with a baby shot and killed an intruder as soon as he entered the house – She was being followed by him and she knew it – she suspected him and it was him – This Is not himsa.
4. Muslim slaughter of Buddhist monks in India – Nonviolence (appeasement) only inspired more himsa. Vietnam War – Curtailment of Communism, result?
5. Killing tiger in forest for sport, Killing man eating tiger in the village or chasing it to kill it in forest – Hunting as sport – fishing as a sport
6. Killing deer in the forest for food when you are stuck in forest or live in forest, hunting deer as a sport, hunting (killing) deer that is eating crops
7. Killing goat in town and in desert without any other resources at hand.
8. Gradation rule applied to man
9. Crop eating insects, mice, monkeys and birds destroying crops.
10. Eating meat – in Arctic Circle, in hot countries, when prescriber by doctor for temporary period.
11. Self defense – minimum application of force
12. Pre-emptive strike – Iraq war of 2000 (WMD war), as a last measure, proper evidence, examples: 6-day war, Iraqi nuclear facility, Manhattan project,
13. Use of atomic bomb on Hiroshima – Judicious or not? Bomb on Nagasaki judicious or not?
14. War of Mahabharat – Bhagavat giita
15. Himsa in the mind – violation or not? Why? No external entity involved.
16. Destruction of idols; symbolic icons, Taliban destroying Buddhist statues – Hurting the sentiment of idolater –